Ontology - olia-top

Abstract
Top categories of the OLiA Reference Model 2010/01/19 created 2010/04/08 removed NPFunction (=> SyntacticRole) 2010/04/13 added MorphologicalProcess, MorphologicalFeature, DiscourseFeature, AnimacyFeature, ReferentTypeFeature, RegisterFeature, UsageAndFrequencyFeature 2010/04/14 validation, PossessiveFeature removed (see olia:hasOwnerNumber), moved olia:NarrativeType and olia:PolarityFeature here 2010/04/15 additions in accordance to the PTB Bracketing Guidelines: NullElement, SentenceTypeFeature (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995) 2010/11/30 added TopologicalField in accordance to the TueDa-D/Z annotation guidelines (Telljohann et al. 2009) 2011/07/29 replace url by purl 2011/07/31 added ProximityFeature 2011/08/03 added SpecificityFeature 2011/08/04 SubordTypeFeature, CoordTypeFeature deprecated, added NumeralAgreementClass 2011/08/11 StrengthFeature recast as MorphologicalFeature rather than MorphosyntacticFeature 2011/08/15 EmphasisFeature added 2011/08/15 PhonologicalProcess added (for Elision and Apocope, formerly both classified as MorphologicalProcess) 2013/06/25 EvidentialityFeature, ClusivityFeature added (from ISOcat), intensity as new label to EmphasisFeature LexicalRelation for labels for relations holding between lexemes 2013/06/27 AgreementFeature (from ISOcat, as superclass of NominalAgreementClass, Person, Gender, Number; not as a relation between words) 2013/06/28 EvaluativeFeature (for ISOcat PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative), ModalityFeature (Modality and Mood distinction revised) 2016/04/18 fixed minor validity warnings Christian Chiarcos, chiarcos@uni-potsdam.de
Latest Version
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#

Imports

Classes - Overview

G LinguisticConcept Linguistic Concept SemanticUnit Semantic Unit LinguisticConcept->SemanticUnit is a DiscourseEntity Discourse Entity LinguisticConcept->DiscourseEntity is a OrthographicEntity Orthographic Entity LinguisticConcept->OrthographicEntity is a MorphologicalFeature Morphological Feature LinguisticConcept->MorphologicalFeature is a DiscourseFeature Discourse Feature LinguisticConcept->DiscourseFeature is a MorphosyntacticFeature Morphosyntactic Feature LinguisticConcept->MorphosyntacticFeature is a SemanticFeature Semantic Feature LinguisticConcept->SemanticFeature is a SyntacticFeature Syntactic Feature LinguisticConcept->SyntacticFeature is a MorphosyntacticCategory Morphosyntactic Category LinguisticConcept->MorphosyntacticCategory is a SyntacticCategory Syntactic Category LinguisticConcept->SyntacticCategory is a SyntacticRelation Syntactic Relation LinguisticConcept->SyntacticRelation is a MorphologicalCategory Morphological Category LinguisticConcept->MorphologicalCategory is a MorphologicalProcess Morphological Process LinguisticConcept->MorphologicalProcess is a PhonologicalProcess Phonological Process LinguisticConcept->PhonologicalProcess is a LexicalRelation Lexical Relation LinguisticConcept->LexicalRelation is a olia_system_Feature Feature (olia_system) olia_system_Feature->MorphologicalFeature is a olia_system_Feature->DiscourseFeature is a olia_system_Feature->MorphosyntacticFeature is a olia_system_Feature->SemanticFeature is a olia_system_Feature->SyntacticFeature is a StrengthFeature Strength Feature MorphologicalFeature->StrengthFeature is a ReduplicationTypeFeature Reduplication Type Feature MorphologicalFeature->ReduplicationTypeFeature is a SeparabilityFeature Separability Feature MorphologicalFeature->SeparabilityFeature is a InflectionTypeFeature Inflection Type Feature MorphologicalFeature->InflectionTypeFeature is a ReferentTypeFeature Referent Type Feature DiscourseFeature->ReferentTypeFeature is a RegisterFeature Register Feature DiscourseFeature->RegisterFeature is a UsageAndFrequencyFeature Usage And Frequency Feature DiscourseFeature->UsageAndFrequencyFeature is a NarrativeType Narrative Type DiscourseFeature->NarrativeType is a ProximityFeature Proximity Feature EmphasisFeature Emphasis Feature ClusivityFeature Clusivity Feature SpecificityFeature Specificity Feature EvidentialityFeature Evidentiality Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->ProximityFeature is a MorphosyntacticFeature->EmphasisFeature is a MorphosyntacticFeature->ClusivityFeature is a MorphosyntacticFeature->SpecificityFeature is a MorphosyntacticFeature->EvidentialityFeature is a SubordTypeFeature Subord Type Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->SubordTypeFeature is a MoodFeature Mood Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->MoodFeature is a ModalityFeature Modality Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->ModalityFeature is a AgreementFeature Agreement Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->AgreementFeature is a AspectFeature Aspect Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->AspectFeature is a TenseFeature Tense Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->TenseFeature is a VoiceFeature Voice Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->VoiceFeature is a CoordTypeFeature Coord Type Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->CoordTypeFeature is a DefinitenessFeature Definiteness Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->DefinitenessFeature is a DegreeFeature Degree Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->DegreeFeature is a ReflexivityFeature Reflexivity Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->ReflexivityFeature is a CaseFeature Case Feature MorphosyntacticFeature->CaseFeature is a NumeralAgreementClass Numeral Agreement Class AgreementFeature->NumeralAgreementClass is a NumberFeature Number Feature AgreementFeature->NumberFeature is a PersonFeature Person Feature AgreementFeature->PersonFeature is a GenderFeature Gender Feature AgreementFeature->GenderFeature is a EvaluativeFeature Evaluative Feature SemanticFeature->EvaluativeFeature is a CountabilityFeature Countability Feature SemanticFeature->CountabilityFeature is a AnimacyFeature Animacy Feature SemanticFeature->AnimacyFeature is a SemanticRole Semantic Role SemanticFeature->SemanticRole is a PolarityFeature Polarity Feature SemanticFeature->PolarityFeature is a ValencyFeature Valency Feature SyntacticFeature->ValencyFeature is a SentenceTypeFeature Sentence Type Feature SyntacticFeature->SentenceTypeFeature is a SyntacticFunction Syntactic Function SyntacticFeature->SyntacticFunction is a SyntacticRole Syntactic Role SyntacticFeature->SyntacticRole is a Word Word SyntacticCategory->Word is a Constituent Constituent SyntacticCategory->Constituent is a TopologicalField Topological Field SyntacticCategory->TopologicalField is a NullElement Null Element SyntacticCategory->NullElement is a SyntacticConstruction Syntactic Construction SyntacticCategory->SyntacticConstruction is a DominanceRelation Dominance Relation SyntacticRelation->DominanceRelation is a DependencyRelation Dependency Relation SyntacticRelation->DependencyRelation is a

Classes

AgreementFeature (agreement) G AgreementFeature Agreement Feature
Abstract Agreement: Formal relationship whereby a word (or a sub-part of a word) requires a corresponding form of another word (or sub-part of a word) (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2188) PVAGR: agreement as shown (stem + affix) in inflected forms of a finite verb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4973)
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
AnimacyFeature (animacy) G AnimacyFeature Animacy Feature
Abstract The characteristic of a word indicating that in a given discourse community, its referent is considered to be alive or to possess a quality of volition or consciousness. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1902)
SubClass Of
AspectFeature (aspect) G AspectFeature Aspect Feature
Abstract Category associated to verbs and referring to the way the grammar marks the duration or type of temporal activity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1242) Aspect is a grammatical category associated with verbs that expresses a temporal view of the event or state expressed by the verb. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsAspect.htm 17.11.06) The in Eagles optional attribute Aspect is needed for Greek and Slavonic verbs. It corresponds also to the Past Simple/Imperfect distinction of Romance languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
CaseFeature G CaseFeature Case Feature
Abstract Case is a grammatical category determined by the syntactic or semantic function of a noun or pronoun. The term case has traditionally been restricted to apply to only those languages which indicate certain functions by the inflection of nouns, pronouns, or noun phrase constituents, such as adjectives and numerals. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsCase.htm 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
ClusivityFeature (clusivity) G ClusivityFeature Clusivity Feature
Abstract The category that encodes "whether the addressee (addressees) are included in or excluded from the set of referents which also contains the speaker".
SubClass Of
Constituent G Constituent Constituent
SubClass Of
CoordTypeFeature G CoordTypeFeature Coord Type Feature
Abstract The CoordType attribute subclassifies coordinating conjunctions. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
CountabilityFeature G CountabilityFeature Countability Feature
Abstract Represents the difference between countable and uncountable nouns, e.g., in English
SubClass Of
DefinitenessFeature (definiteness) G DefinitenessFeature Definiteness Feature
Abstract In grammatical theory, definiteness is a feature of noun phrases, distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and entities which are not (indefinite noun phrases). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 02.05.07) Property about the possiblity to identify an entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1926) An in Eagles additional language-specific attribute for nouns/ noun phrases is Definiteness. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2 16.11.06)
SubClass Of
DegreeFeature (degree) G DegreeFeature Degree Feature
Abstract Property concerning comparison. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1419) The Eagles-recommended attribute Degree applies only to inflectional comparatives and superlatives. In some languages, e.g. Spanish, the number of such adjectives is very small. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recn)
SubClass Of
DependencyRelation G DependencyRelation Dependency Relation
SubClass Of
DiscourseEntity G DiscourseEntity Discourse Entity
SubClass Of
DiscourseFeature G DiscourseFeature Discourse Feature
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
DominanceRelation G DominanceRelation Dominance Relation
SubClass Of
EvaluativeFeature G EvaluativeFeature Evaluative Feature
Abstract generalization over PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative in ISOcat
SubClass Of
EvidentialityFeature G EvidentialityFeature Evidentiality Feature
Abstract Evidentiality denotes the basis that the speaker has for claiming that the event has occurred (or is going to take place). Appear to show a greater number of distinctions in the realis mood (especially in the past tense) than the irrealis mood. [Bhat 1999: 63-64, 70]
SubClass Of
GenderFeature G GenderFeature Gender Feature
Abstract The term gender refers to various forms of expressing biological or sociological gender by inflecting words. Nouns, pronouns, articles and the adjectives denote the gender of their referent. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender 17.11.06) Category based on (depending on languages) the natural distinction between sex and formal criteria. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1297)
SubClass Of
InflectionTypeFeature G InflectionTypeFeature Inflection Type Feature
Abstract InflectionType is in Eagles an optional attribute for adjectives. Weak and Strong are values for adjectival inflection in the Germanic languages German, Dutch and Danish. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 14.11.06)
SubClass Of
EmphasisFeature (intensity) G EmphasisFeature Emphasis Feature
Abstract Applies to grammatical (morphosyntactic) markers of emphasis for languages where emphatic expressions are distinguished from non-emphatic forms. In Irish Gaelic, for example, the unmarked personal pronouns (e.g., s?, ? ?he, him?) is distinguished from the emphatic pronoun (e.g., seisean, eisean ?he, him?). Beyond pronouns, also nouns can be emphatically marked, e.g., by adding a clitic reflexive element to them. (Mulkern 2007). (Ann E. Mulkern. Knowing who?s important: Relative discourse salience and Irish pronominal forms. In Nancy A. Hedberg and Ron Zacharski, editors, The Grammar-Pragmatics Interface: Essays in honor of Jeanette K. Gundel, pages 113?142. John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2007.)
SubClass Of
LexicalRelation G LexicalRelation Lexical Relation
SubClass Of
LinguisticConcept G LinguisticConcept Linguistic Concept
Abstract The OLiA ontology specifies linguistic concepts on a theoretical basis, as for concepts used in annotations, see system.owl. There is a great extent of overlap between LinguisticCategories/LinguisticFeatures and Categories/Features as defined in system.owl.
Sub-Classes
ModalityFeature (mood) G ModalityFeature Modality Feature
Abstract Modality is a facet of illocutionary point or general intent of a speaker, or a speaker's degree of commitment to the expressed proposition's believability, obligatoriness, desirability or reality. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427) The term ?mood? is used by some authors in the same sense as ?modality?, while others distinguish the two (...) using ?mood? to refer to the contrastive grammatical expressions of different modalities, and thus reserving ?modality? to refer to the meanings so expressed. >A grammatical category is related to a variety of factors affecting the nature of a predication, such as factors include factivity, certainty (evidentials), attitudes, speaker?s knowledge/beliefs/desires, agent?s ability/volitionality, etc.; a set of distinctive forms used to express modality (as verbal inflections or a set of auxiliarys, each signaling a modality). (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Modus 14.05.07)
SubClass Of
MorphologicalCategory G MorphologicalCategory Morphological Category
SubClass Of
MorphologicalFeature G MorphologicalFeature Morphological Feature
Abstract Property attached to a given inflected form that usually permits to distinguish this form from the generic lemmatised form of the word. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1425)
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
MorphologicalProcess G MorphologicalProcess Morphological Process
SubClass Of
MorphosyntacticCategory (morphosyntactic category) G MorphosyntacticCategory Morphosyntactic Category
Abstract partOfSpeech: Term used to describe how a particular word is used in a sentence. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1345)
SubClass Of
MorphosyntacticFeature G MorphosyntacticFeature Morphosyntactic Feature
Abstract Morphosyntactic and morphological features.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
NarrativeType G NarrativeType Narrative Type
SubClass Of
NullElement G NullElement Null Element
Abstract Modelled like tokens, Santorini (1991, ????4.2), Bies (1995, ????2.3, ????2.5)
SubClass Of
NumberFeature G NumberFeature Number Feature
Abstract Grammatical category for the variation in form of nouns, pronouns, and any words agreeing with them, depending on how many persons or things are referred to. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=number 12; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1298) A grammatical number is a morphological category characterized by the expression of quantity through inflection or agreement. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
NumeralAgreementClass G NumeralAgreementClass Numeral Agreement Class
Abstract In most Slavic languages, Numerals and Quantifiers involve specific agreement patterns, e.g., in Russian:
(a) SingularQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite1"): requires noun in nominative singular, e.g., ???? ??? "one year" (b) PaucalQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite234"): requires noun in genitive singular, e.g., ???/???/?????? ???? "two/three/four years" (c) PluralQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite"):requires noun in genitive plural, e.g., ????/?????/???????/??????? ??? "five/many/how many/that many years"
Bulgarian has done away with the distinction between 4 and 5, and generalised the 2-4 form to all numerals (and some other quantifiers), but the others generally keep it. Also Slovene has a living dual (both Sorbians likewise, but they haven't been MTEd).
Some Czech feminine and neuter body parts have preserved dual forms, and if the noun is dual, so are its attributes (adjectives, pronouns). So 2 differs formally from 3-4. The corresponding agreement pattern is a DualQuantifier (MTE v4: Numeral/Class="definite2"). (Ivan A. Derzhanski & Christian Chiarcos, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NumeralAgreementClass)
SubClass Of
olia_system:Feature G olia_system_Feature Feature (olia_system)
Namespace http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#
Sub-Classes
OrthographicEntity G OrthographicEntity Orthographic Entity
SubClass Of
PersonFeature G PersonFeature Person Feature
Abstract The grammatical person is deictic reference to the participant role of a referent, such as the speaker, the addressee, and others. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns. It also frequently affects verbs, sometimes nouns, and possessive relationships as well. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person 17.11.06) Indication of grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) associated with a given inflected form. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1328)
SubClass Of
PhonologicalProcess G PhonologicalProcess Phonological Process
SubClass Of
PolarityFeature G PolarityFeature Polarity Feature
SubClass Of
ProximityFeature (proximity) G ProximityFeature Proximity Feature
Abstract In many Indo-European languages, proximity is a relevant feature of pronominal systems (e.g., Macedonian proximal vs. distal determiners, cf. English this vs. that). In several indigeneous languages of North America, proximity is represented by verbal agreement (then also known as obviation, e.g., Blackfoot third [proximal] and "fourth" [distal 3rd] person). As defined here, proximity is considered a morphosyntactic feature, because it applies to morphosyntactic *markers* of proximity. (Chiarcos)
SubClass Of
ReduplicationTypeFeature (reduplication type) G ReduplicationTypeFeature Reduplication Type Feature
Abstract type of reduplication (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2240)
SubClass Of
ReferentTypeFeature (referent type) G ReferentTypeFeature Referent Type Feature
Abstract Type of concrete object or concept (the referent) that an expression represents (the reference). (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1376)
SubClass Of
ReflexivityFeature G ReflexivityFeature Reflexivity Feature
Abstract The optional attribute Reflexivity is applied to main verbs in French, German, Dutch, etc., and determines the selection of "avoir" or "?tre", etc., as auxiliary for the Perfect. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1c 15.11.06)
SubClass Of
RegisterFeature (register) G RegisterFeature Register Feature
Abstract Classification indicating the relative level of language individually assigned to a lexeme or term or to a text type. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988)
SubClass Of
SemanticFeature G SemanticFeature Semantic Feature
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
SemanticRole G SemanticRole Semantic Role
Abstract In linguistics, a theta role or ?-role is the semantic role a noun phrase plays in a sentence. The term Thematic role denotes the same concept. As such it is a semantic rather than a syntactic feature, in contrast to such notions as the subject of a sentence or a prepositional object. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(linguistics). Originally, semantic roles were referred to as "case roles", leading to an unfortunate name clash with grammatical case (e.g. in GOLD CaseValue)
SubClass Of
SemanticUnit G SemanticUnit Semantic Unit
SubClass Of
SentenceTypeFeature G SentenceTypeFeature Sentence Type Feature
SubClass Of
SeparabilityFeature G SeparabilityFeature Separability Feature
Abstract The optional Eagles attribute Separability is relevant for German compound verbs ("f?ngt ...an", "anfangen") and also to phrasal verbs in Danish and English. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1c 15.11.06)
SubClass Of
SpecificityFeature (specificity) G SpecificityFeature Specificity Feature
Abstract "By ?specific? and ?non-specific? I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) I?m looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ?certain? after the ?a? to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ?definite? which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ?I?m looking for the deer.? In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)
SubClass Of
StrengthFeature G StrengthFeature Strength Feature
SubClass Of
SubordTypeFeature G SubordTypeFeature Subord Type Feature
Abstract The SubordType is in Eagles an additional language-specific attribute, applying to subordinating conjunctions only. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
SyntacticCategory G SyntacticCategory Syntactic Category
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
SyntacticConstruction G SyntacticConstruction Syntactic Construction
Abstract Syntactic constructions that involve multiple constituents, or that are independent of the concept of constituent, e.g., word order phenomena, non-canonical sentences , ...
SubClass Of
SyntacticFeature G SyntacticFeature Syntactic Feature
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
SyntacticFunction G SyntacticFunction Syntactic Function
Abstract Relation to be used when the syntactic function of a constituent is different from its morphosyntactic type, cf. FormFunctionDiscrepancy in the PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995, ?2.2.1)
SubClass Of
SyntacticRelation G SyntacticRelation Syntactic Relation
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
SyntacticRole G SyntacticRole Syntactic Role
Abstract Traditionally, "grammatical relations" or "grammatical roles" are specifically those between the verb (clause) and its arguments/adjunct/complementizer. In modern corpus research, however, a broad variety of relations between nominal heads, their arguments, modifiers, etc. are distinguished and the scope of "Grammatical Relation" has extended here to cover these as well. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/syntacticRole)
SubClass Of
TopologicalField G TopologicalField Topological Field
SubClass Of
UsageAndFrequencyFeature G UsageAndFrequencyFeature Usage And Frequency Feature
Abstract Frequency: The relative commonness with which a term occurs. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965) Dating: Indication specifying whether the usage is old or modern. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1959)
SubClass Of
ValencyFeature G ValencyFeature Valency Feature
Abstract Syntactic valency pertains to the number of syntactic arguments a verb requires. Semantic valency pertains to the number of arguments of a semantic predicate. If syntactic valency is greater than the semantic valency, an expletive pronoun may be used, cf. van Valin and LaPolla (1997) on the distinction between syntactic valency and semantic valency.
SubClass Of
MoodFeature (verb form mood) G MoodFeature Mood Feature
Abstract Modality is a facet of illocutionary point or general intent of a speaker, or a speaker's degree of commitment to the expressed proposition's believability, obligatoriness, desirability or reality. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427) The term ?mood? is used by some authors in the same sense as ?modality?, while others distinguish the two (...) using ?mood? to refer to the contrastive grammatical expressions of different modalities, and thus reserving ?modality? to refer to the meanings so expressed. >A grammatical category is related to a variety of factors affecting the nature of a predication, such as factors include factivity, certainty (evidentials), attitudes, speaker?s knowledge/beliefs/desires, agent?s ability/volitionality, etc.; a set of distinctive forms used to express modality (as verbal inflections or a set of auxiliarys, each signaling a modality). (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Modus 14.05.07)
SubClass Of
TenseFeature (verb tense) G TenseFeature Tense Feature
Abstract verb tense: property referring to the way the grammar marks (via affixes and/or suppletion) the time at which the action denoted by the verb took place. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4964) Tense is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to some other temporal reference point. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsTense.htm 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
VoiceFeature G VoiceFeature Voice Feature
Abstract The voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06)
SubClass Of
Word (word) G Word Word
Abstract Terminal nodes of syntactic annotations, termed "Word" here, are the same structural entities that are subject to morphosyntactic (Part of Speech) annotations. cf. http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1415 "word": Linguistic unit composed of at least a part of speech and a lemma.
SubClass Of