Ontology - arabic_khoja

Abstract
OLiA Annotation Model for morphosyntactic annotation of Arabic, following Khoja et al. (2001) Arabic grammar has been studied for centuries, and the principles of describing the language already exist. Since so much knowledge is readily available, it is logical to derive our tagset from this wealth of information. The alternative to this is to base the Arabic tagset on an Indo-European one, but by doing this we may lose a lot of the information that an Arabic tagset would give us. Also, by moulding Arabic to fit an Indo-European language, we might distort the way Arabic is perceived by its native speakers. (Khoja et al, 2001) The prototype tagger reported in (Khoja 2003) was based on a lexicon of under 10,000 word-types, extracted from a corpus of about 50,000 word-tokens. The initial 50,000-word training corpus was extracted from the Saudi Al-Jazirah newspaper (date 03/03/1999); initial tagging experiments were done on other newspaper texts, and a social science paper. (Atwell 2007) Unless specified otherwise, all comments are quotes from Khoja et al. (2001). References: Khoja, S, Garside, R, and Knowles, G (2001) A tagset for the morphosyntactic tagging of Arabic. Paper given at the Corpus Linguistics 2001 conference, Lancaster, http://zeus.cs.pacificu.edu/shereen/CL2001.pdf Eric Atwell (2007), Development of tag sets for part-of-speech tagging, Corpus Linguistics Conference 2007, Birmingham, http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/eric/atwell07clih.pdf
Latest Version
http://purl.org/olia/arabic_khoja.owl#

Imports

Classes - Overview

 G system_Feature Feature (system) Feature Feature system_Feature->Feature is a system_UnitOfAnnotation Unit Of Annotation (system) Word Word system_UnitOfAnnotation->Word is a Abbreviation Abbreviation AccusativeCase Accusative Case Adjective Adjective Adverbial Adverbial Answer Answer CardinalNumeral Cardinal Numeral Case Case Case->AccusativeCase is a GenitiveCase Genitive Case Case->GenitiveCase is a NominativeCase Nominative Case Case->NominativeCase is a CommonNoun Common Noun CommonRelativePronoun Common Relative Pronoun Conjunction Conjunction DayOfTheWeek Day Of The Week Definite Definite Definiteness Definiteness Definiteness->Definite is a Indefinite Indefinite Definiteness->Indefinite is a DemonstrativePronoun Demonstrative Pronoun DualNumber Dual Number Exception Exception Explanation Explanation Feature->Case is a Feature->Definiteness is a Gender Gender Feature->Gender is a Mood Mood Feature->Mood is a Number Number Feature->Number is a Person Person Feature->Person is a FeminineGender Feminine Gender FirstPerson First Person Foreign Foreign Gender->FeminineGender is a MasculineGender Masculine Gender Gender->MasculineGender is a NeuterGender Neuter Gender Gender->NeuterGender is a ImperativeVerb Imperative Verb ImperfectVerb Imperfect Verb IndicativeMood Indicative Mood Interjection Interjection JussiveMood Jussive Mood Mathematical Mathematical MonthOfTheYear Month Of The Year Mood->IndicativeMood is a Mood->JussiveMood is a SubjunctiveMood Subjunctive Mood Mood->SubjunctiveMood is a Negative Negative Noun Noun Noun->Adjective is a Noun->Case hasCase Noun->CommonNoun is a Noun->Definiteness hasDefiniteness Numeral Numeral Noun->Numeral is a Pronoun Pronoun Noun->Pronoun is a ProperNoun Proper Noun Noun->ProperNoun is a Number->DualNumber is a PluralNumber Plural Number Number->PluralNumber is a SingularNumber Singular Number Number->SingularNumber is a Numeral->CardinalNumeral is a NumericalAdjective Numerical Adjective Numeral->NumericalAdjective is a OrdinalNumeral Ordinal Numeral Numeral->OrdinalNumeral is a OtherResidual Other Residual Particle Particle Particle->Adverbial is a Particle->Answer is a Particle->Conjunction is a Particle->Exception is a Particle->Explanation is a Particle->Interjection is a Particle->Negative is a Preposition Preposition Particle->Preposition is a Subordinate Subordinate Particle->Subordinate is a PerfectVerb Perfect Verb Person->FirstPerson is a SecondPerson Second Person Person->SecondPerson is a ThirdPerson Third Person Person->ThirdPerson is a PersonalPronoun Personal Pronoun Pronoun->DemonstrativePronoun is a Pronoun->PersonalPronoun is a RelativePronoun Relative Pronoun Pronoun->RelativePronoun is a Punctuation Punctuation RelativePronoun->CommonRelativePronoun is a SpecificRelativePronoun Specific Relative Pronoun RelativePronoun->SpecificRelativePronoun is a Residual Residual Residual->Abbreviation is a Residual->DayOfTheWeek is a Residual->Foreign is a Residual->Mathematical is a Residual->MonthOfTheYear is a Residual->OtherResidual is a ResidualNumber Residual Number Residual->ResidualNumber is a Verb Verb Verb->ImperativeVerb is a Verb->ImperfectVerb is a Verb->Mood hasMood Verb->PerfectVerb is a Word->Noun is a Word->Particle is a Word->Punctuation is a Word->Residual is a Word->Verb is a

Properties - Overview

Classes

Abbreviation G Abbreviation Abbreviation
Abstract RA Residual, abbreviation ??? was
SubClass Of
AccusativeCase G AccusativeCase Accusative Case
SubClass Of
Adjective G Adjective Adjective
Abstract Adjectives are nouns that describe the aspects of an object. Adjectives inherit the properties of nouns, so they take ?nunation? when in the indefinite and can take the definite article when definite. For example, alwld sghyr ?The small boy? contains the adjective sghyr ?small?. This adjective can take the definite article as in ?darasa alwaladu alsaghyr? ?the small boy studied?, and it can also have ?nunation? as in ?hasanu saghyrun? ?Hassan is small?.
SubClass Of
Adverbial G Adverbial Adverbial
Abstract PA Adverbial particles ???? ?? ? ??? ??? idhaa ? thumma ? swf ? ln
SubClass Of
Answer G Answer Answer
Abstract PW Answers ????? la ? ajl
SubClass Of
CardinalNumeral G CardinalNumeral Cardinal Numeral
Abstract NNuCaSgM Singular, masculine, cardinal number ???? arba? Four NNuCaSgF Singular, feminine, cardinal number ????? arba?a
SubClass Of
Case G Case Case
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
CommonNoun G CommonNoun Common Noun
Abstract NCSgMNI Singular, masculine, nominative, indefinite common noun ???? ? kitabun book NCSgMAI Singular, masculine, accusative, indefinite common noun ????? ? kitaban book NCSgMGI Singular, masculine, genitive, indefinite common noun ???? ? kitabin book NCSgMND Singular, masculine, nominative, definite common noun ?????? ? alkitabu the book NCSgMAD Singular, masculine, accusative, definite common noun ?? ????? alkitaba the book NCSgMGD Singular, masculine, genitive, definite common noun ?????? ? alkitabi the book NCSgFNI Singular, feminine, nominative, indefinite common noun ????? ? madrasatun school NCSgFAI Singular, feminine, accusative, indefinite common noun ?????? ? madrasatan school NCSgFGI Singular, feminine, genitive, indefinite common noun ????? ? madrasatin school NCSgFND Singular, feminine, nominative, definite common noun ??????? ? almadrasatu NCSgFAD Singular, feminine, accusative, definite common noun ??????? ? almadrasata the school NCSgFGD Singular, feminine, genitive, definite common noun ??????? ? aladrasati the school NCDuMNI Dual, masculine, nominative, indefinite common noun ?????? kitaban two books NCDuMAI Dual, masculine, accusative, indefinite common noun ?????? kitabain two books NCDuMGI Dual, masculine, genitive, indefinite common noun ?????? kitabain two books NCDuMND Dual, masculine, nominative, definite common noun ???????? alkitaban the two books NCDuMAD Dual, masculine, accusative, definite common noun ???????? alkitabain the two books NCDuMGD Dual, masculine, genitive, definite common noun ???????? alkitabain the two books NCDuFNI Dual, feminine, nominative, indefinite common noun ??????? madrasatan two books NCDuFAI Dual, feminine, accusative, indefinite common noun ??????? madrasatain two schools NCDuFGI Dual, feminine, genitive, indefinite common noun ??????? madrasatain two schools NCDuFND Dual, feminine, nominative, definite common noun ????????? almadrasatan the two schools NCDuFAD Dual, feminine, accusative, definite common noun ????????? almadrasatain the two schools NCDuFGD Dual, feminine, genitive, definite common noun ????????? almadrasatain the two schools NCPlMNI Plural, masculine, nominative, indefinite common noun ??? ?- ?????? muslimoon ? kutubun Muslims ? books NCPlMAI Plural, masculine, accusative, indefinite common noun ???? ?- ?????? muslimeen ? kutuban Muslims ? books NCPlMGI Plural, masculine, genitive, indefinite common noun ??? ?- ?????? muslimeen ? kutubin Muslims ? books NCPlMND Plural, masculine, nominative, definite common noun ????? ?- ???????? almuslimoon ? alkutubu the Muslims ? the books NCPlMAD Plural, masculine, accusative, definite common noun ????? ?- ???????? aluslimeen ? alkutuba the Muslims ? the books NCPlMGD Plural, masculine, genitive, definite common noun ????? ?- ???????? almuslimeen ? alkutubi the Muslims ? the books NCPlFNI Plural, feminine, nominative, indefinite common noun ????? ? ?????? ?? madarisun ? muslimaatun schools ? Muslims NCPlFAI Plural, feminine, accusative, indefinite common noun ?????? ? ??????? ?? madarisan ? muslimaatan schools ? Muslims NCPlFGI Plural, feminine, genitive, indefinite, common noun ????? ? ?????? ?? madarisin ? muslimaatin schools ? Muslims NCPlFND Plural, feminine, nominative, definite common noun ??????? ? ???????? ?? almadarisu ? almuslimaatu the schools ? the Muslims NCPlFAD Plural, feminine, accusative, definite common noun ??????? ? ???????? ?? almadarisa ? almuslimaata the schools ? the Muslims NCPlFGD Plural, feminine, genitive, definite common noun ??????? ? ???????? ?? almadarisi ? almuslimaati
SubClass Of
CommonRelativePronoun G CommonRelativePronoun Common Relative Pronoun
SubClass Of
Conjunction G Conjunction Conjunction
Abstract PC Conjunctions ?? ??? ?? f ? hta ? w
SubClass Of
DayOfTheWeek G DayOfTheWeek Day Of The Week
Abstract RD Residual, day of the week ?????? alithnyn
SubClass Of
Definite G Definite Definite
Abstract In Arabic nouns are marked for definiteness by the prefix that is the definite article.
SubClass Of
Definiteness G Definiteness Definiteness
Abstract The article is not described in Arabic as a category at all, and definiteness is just a linguistic feature that is realised by the definite article. The way that definiteness is handled in Arabic is quite different to the way it is handled in EAGLES, and this difference is apparent when comparing the tagsets. In Arabic nouns are marked for definiteness by the prefix that is the definite article, unlike in English where the article itself can be definite or indefinite. In Arabic there is no indefinite article, and instead ?nunation? is used. Nunation is the doubling of the vowels at the end of nouns and all subclasses of nouns when they are indefinite. This doubling has the effect of adding a final ?n? to the pronunciation, so that, kitabu becomes kitabun ?book?.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
DemonstrativePronoun G DemonstrativePronoun Demonstrative Pronoun
Abstract NPrDSgM Singular, masculine, demonstrative pronoun ???? ?? ? ??? ???? hadhaa ? dhaa ? dhaaka ? dhaalika This ? that NPrDSgF Singular, feminine, demonstrative pronoun ???? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ? ??????? haadhihi ? haadhee ? dhih ? dhy ? tilka ? taaka ? teeka This ? that NprDDuM Dual, masculine, demonstrative pronoun ????? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ???????? haadhani ? dhaani ? dhaanika ? hadhaini ?dhaini This ? that NprDDuF Dual, feminine, demonstrative pronoun ????? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ??? ????? haatani ? taani- taanika ? haataini This ? that NPrDPl Plural, neutral, demonstrative pronoun ????? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ????? haaolaai ? olaa- olaaika- olaalika ? olaaka
SubClass Of
DualNumber G DualNumber Dual Number
SubClass Of
Exception G Exception Exception
Abstract Arabic grammatical tradition already recognizes a subclass of Particle translated as Exceptions by Khoja, to cover some idiosyncratic words which do not fit other patterns: ? ... These include the Arabic words that are equivalent to the word except and the prefixes non-, un-, and im-.? (Atwell 2007)
SubClass Of
Explanation G Explanation Explanation
Abstract PX Explanations ?? ay
SubClass Of
Feature G Feature Feature
Abstract The current Arabic tagset can be extended to include many other features such as transitivity and voice for verbs, and derivation for nouns. Arabic has two voices, the active and the passive. Nouns in Arabic can be derived from other nouns or they can be derived from verbs.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
FeminineGender G FeminineGender Feminine Gender
SubClass Of
FirstPerson G FirstPerson First Person
SubClass Of
Foreign G Foreign Foreign
Abstract RF Residual, foreign ????? rwjwr
SubClass Of
Gender G Gender Gender
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
GenitiveCase G GenitiveCase Genitive Case
SubClass Of
ImperativeVerb G ImperativeVerb Imperative Verb
Abstract VIvSg2M Second person, singular, masculine, imperative verb ???? ? aksir Break! VIvSg2F Second person, singular, feminine, imperative verb ????? aksiry Break! VIvDu2 Second person, dual, neuter, imperative verb ????? aksiraa Break! VIvPl2M Second person, plural, masculine, imperative verb ?????? aksroo Break! VIvPl2F Second person, plural, feminine, imperative verb ????? aksirna
SubClass Of
ImperfectVerb G ImperfectVerb Imperfect Verb
Abstract VISg1I First person, singular, neuter, indicative, imperfect verb ???? ? aksiru I break VISg1S First person, singular, neuter, subjunctive, imperfect verb ???? ? aksira I break VISg1J First person, singular, neuter, jussive, imperfect verb ???? ? aksir I break VISg2MI Second person, singular, masculine, indicative, imperfect verb ???? ? taksiru You break VISg2MS Second person, singular, masculine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ???? ? taksira You break VISg2MJ Second person, singular, masculine, jussive, imperfect verb ???? ? taksir You break VISg2FI Second person, singular, feminine, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? taksiryna You break VISg2FS Second person, singular, feminine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? taksiry You break VISg2FJ Second person, singular, feminine, jussive, imperfect verb ????? taksiry You break VISg3MI Third person, singular, masculine, indicative, imperfect verb ???? ? yaksiru He breaks VISg3MS Third person, singular, masculine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ???? ? yaksira He breaks VISg3MJ Third person, singular, masculine, jussive, imperfect verb ???? ? yaksir He breaks VISg3FI Third person, singular, feminine, indicative, imperfect verb ???? ? taksiru She breaks VISg3FS Third person, singular, feminine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ???? ? taksira She breaks VISg3FJ Third person, singular, feminine, jussive, imperfect verb ???? ? taksir She breaks VIDu2I Second person, dual, neuter, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? taksiraani You break VIDu2S Second person, dual, neuter, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? taksiraa You break VIDu2J Second person, dual, neuter, jussive, imperfect verb ????? taksiraa You break VIDu3MI Third person, dual, masculine, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? yaksiraani They break VIDu3MS Third person, dual, masculine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? yaksiraa They break VIDu3MJ Third person, dual, masculine, jussive, imperfect verb ????? yaksiraa They break VIDu3FI Third person, dual, feminine, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? yaksiraan They break VIDu3FS Third person, dual, feminine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? yaksiraa They break VIDu3FJ Third person, dual, feminine, jussive, imperfect verb ????? yaksiraa They break VIPl1I First person, plural, neuter, indicative, imperfect verb ???? ? naksiru We break VIPl1S First person, plural, neuter, subjunctive, imperfect verb ???? ? naksira We break VIPl1J First person, plural, neuter, jussive, imperfect verb ???? ? naksir We break VIPl2MI Second person, plural, masculine, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? taksiroon You break Page 12 VIPl2MS Second person, plural, masculine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ?????? taksiroo You break VIPl2MJ Second person, plural, masculine, jussive, imperfect verb ?????? taksiroo You break VIPl2FI Second person, plural, feminine, indicative, imperfect verb ????? taksirna You break VIPl2FS Second person, plural, feminine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? taksirna You break VIPl2FJ Second person, plural, feminine, jussive, imperfect verb ????? taksirna You break VIPl3MI Third person, plural, masculine, indicative, imperfect verb ?????? yaksiroon They break VIPl3MS Third person, plural, masculine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ?????? yaksiroo They break VIPl3MJ Third person, plural, masculine, jussive, imperfect verb ?????? yaksiroo They break VIPl3FI Third person, plural, feminine, indicative, imperfect verb ????? yaksirna They break VIPl3FS Third person, plural, feminine, subjunctive, imperfect verb ????? yaksirna They break VIPl3FJ Third person, plural, feminine, jussive, imperfect verb ????? yaksirna
SubClass Of
Indefinite G Indefinite Indefinite
Abstract In Arabic there is no indefinite article, and instead ?nunation? is used. Nunation is the doubling of the vowels at the end of nouns and all subclasses of nouns when they are indefinite. This doubling has the effect of adding a final ?n? to the pronunciation, so that, kitabu becomes kitabun ?book?.
SubClass Of
IndicativeMood G IndicativeMood Indicative Mood
SubClass Of
Interjection G Interjection Interjection
Abstract PI Interjections ???????? ya ? aytha
SubClass Of
JussiveMood G JussiveMood Jussive Mood
Abstract The jussive is needed to express a command in the first and third person. This mood is realised in Arabic by rejecting the final vowel and is sometimes called the apocopated imperfect. The purpose of the jussive is to express a command in the first or third person as in ?heena yahduru yalbas thiyaban nazyfatan? which means ?when he attends, let him (he must) wear clean clothes?, where the jussive is the word ?yalbas? ?wear?. Also, there is no negative imperative in Arabic, so the negative particle followed by the jussive is used in its place, such as ?la taktub? ?do not write?, where the jussive is the word ?taktub? ?write?.
SubClass Of
MasculineGender G MasculineGender Masculine Gender
SubClass Of
Mathematical G Mathematical Mathematical
Abstract RM Residual, mathematical ? /
SubClass Of
MonthOfTheYear G MonthOfTheYear Month Of The Year
Abstract Rmy Residual, month of the year ???? mhrm
SubClass Of
Mood G Mood Mood
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Negative G Negative Negative
Abstract PN Negatives ??- ? la ? lm
SubClass Of
NeuterGender G NeuterGender Neuter Gender
SubClass Of
NominativeCase G NominativeCase Nominative Case
SubClass Of
Noun G Noun Noun Case Case Noun->Case hasCase Definiteness Definiteness Noun->Definiteness hasDefiniteness
Abstract All subclasses of the noun inherit the tnwyn ?nunation? when in the indefinite which is one of the main properties of the noun: Nunation is the doubling of the vowels at the end of nouns and all subclasses of nouns when they are indefinite. This doubling has the effect of adding a final ?n? to the pronunciation, so that, kitabu becomes kitabun ?book?. Examples of these subcategories include: ? Singular, masculine, accusative, common noun such as ktab ?book? in the sentence ?akhadha alwaladu kitaban? ?the boy took a book?. ? Singular, masculine, genitive, common noun such as ktab ?book? in the sentence ?darastu min kitabin? ?I studied from a book?. ? Singular, feminine, nominative, common noun such as ktab ?book? in the sentence ?hadhihi madrasatun? ?this is a school?. The linguistic attributes of nouns that have been used in this tagset are: (i) Gender: M [masculine] F [feminine] N [neuter] (ii) Number: Sg [singular] Pl [plural] Du [dual] (iii) Person: 1 [first] 2 [second] 3 [third] (iv) Case: N [nominative] A [accusative] G [genitive] (v) Definiteness: D [definite] I [indefinite]
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Number G Number Number
Abstract Arabic marks words not just for singular and plural but also for dual.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Numeral G Numeral Numeral
Abstract Examples of numerals include: ? Singular, masculine, nominative, indefinite cardinal number such as ?arba?atun? ?four?. ? Singular, masculine, nominative, indefinite ordinal number such as ?rabi?un? ?fourth?. ? Singular, masculine, numerical adjective such as ?ruba?iyun? ?of four?.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
NumericalAdjective G NumericalAdjective Numerical Adjective
Abstract Numerical adjectives describe the number of sides to a shape, for example thmany ?octagonal?. They also indicate a pair or couple when describing two people as in thna`y. NNuNaSgM Singular, masculine, numerical adjective ????? rubaa?y Of four NNuNaSgF Singular, feminine, numerical adjective ?????? rubaa?iya
SubClass Of
OrdinalNumeral G OrdinalNumeral Ordinal Numeral
Abstract NNuOrSgM Singular, masculine, ordinal number ???? raabi? Fourth NNuOrSgF Singular, feminine, ordinal number ????? raabia
SubClass Of
OtherResidual G OtherResidual Other Residual
Abstract RO Residual, other ?? Aal
SubClass Of
Particle G Particle Particle
Abstract Particles are sometimes affixes; for example the definite article ?al? is well-known as a prefix in Arabic loan-words in other languages, e.g. algebra, Algarve. These are handled by a compound tag, reminiscent of the Brown tagging scheme: ?... For morphologically complex words a combination of tags is used. For example, the word walktab ?and the book? is given the tag PC+NCSgMND, where PC indicates a particle that is a conjunction, and NCSgMND indicates a singular, masculine, nominative, definite noun.? (Atwell 2007)
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
PerfectVerb G PerfectVerb Perfect Verb
Abstract VPSg1 First person, singular, neuter, perfect verb ???? ? kasartu I broke VPSg2M Second person, singular, masculine, perfect verb ???? ? kasarta You broke VPSg2F Second person, singular, feminine, perfect verb ???? ? kasarti You broke VPSg3M Third person, singular, masculine, perfect verb ? ?? kasara He broke VPSg3F Third person, singular, feminine, perfect verb ???? ? kasarat She broke VPDu2 Second person, dual, neuter, perfect verb ?????? kasartumaa You (two) broke Page 11 VPDu3M Third person, dual, masculine, perfect verb ???? kasaraa They (two) broke VPDu3F Third person, dual, feminine, perfect verb ????? kasarataa They (two) broke VPPl1 First person, plural, neuter, perfect verb ????? kasarnaa We broke VPPl2M Second person, plural, masculine, perfect verb ????? kasartum You broke VPPl2F Second person, plural, feminine, perfect verb ????? kasartunna You broke VPPl3M Third person, plural, masculine, perfect verb ????? kasaroo They broke VPPl3F Third person, plural, feminine, perfect verb ???? kasarna
SubClass Of
Person G Person Person
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
PersonalPronoun G PersonalPronoun Personal Pronoun
Abstract NPrPSg1 First person, singular, neuter, personal pronoun ???? ????? - ????? ana- kitaabee ? darabanee Me ? my book ? he hit me NPrPSg2M Second person, singular, masculine, personal pronoun ??? ? ????? ?? anta ? kitaabuka You ? your book NPrPSg2F Second person, singular, feminine, personal pronoun ??? ? ????? ?? anti ? kitaabuki You ? your book NPrPSg3M Third person, singular, masculine, personal pronoun ?? - ????? kitaabahu ? huwa His book ? him NPrPSg3F Third person, singular, feminine, personal ?? - ?????? kitaabuhaa ? hiya Her book ? Page 9 pronoun her NPrPDu2 Second person, dual, neuter, personal pronoun ????????????? antumaa ? kitaabakumaa You two ? your book NPrPDu3 Third person, dual, neuter, personal pronoun ??????????? humaa ? kitaabahumaa Those two ? their book NPrPPl1 First person, plural, neuter, personal pronoun ?????????? nahnu ? kitaabunaa Us ? our book NPrPPl2M Second person, plural, masculine, personal pronoun ??????????? antum ? kitaabakum You ? your book NPrPPl2F Second person, plural, feminine, personal pronoun ??????????? antunna ? kitaabakunna You ? your book NPrPPl3M Third person, plural, masculine, personal pronoun ????????? hum ? kitaabahum Them ? their book NPrPPl3F Third person, plural, feminine, personal pronoun ?? - ?????? kitaabahunna ? hunna
SubClass Of
PluralNumber G PluralNumber Plural Number
Abstract Since Arabic contains three different kinds of plurals, these could also be included in the tagset. The three types of plurals are: the masculine sound plural, the feminine sound plural, and the broken plural. The first two are recognised in Arabic morphologically by suffixes, while the last, is derived by the following of fixed patterns.
SubClass Of
Preposition G Preposition Preposition
Abstract PPr Prepositions ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ka ? li ? min ? ma?a ? fy
SubClass Of
Pronoun G Pronoun Pronoun
Abstract The personal pronouns can be detached words such as hwa ?he?, or attached to a word in the form of a clitic. The attached pronouns can be attached to nouns to indicate possession, to verbs as direct object, or attached to prepositions such as fyh ?in it?. Some examples of pronouns include: ? Third person, singular, masculine, personal pronoun such as hwa ?him?. ? Singular, feminine, demonstrative pronoun such as hdhh ?this?.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
ProperNoun G ProperNoun Proper Noun
Abstract NP Proper noun ????????? Jiddah ? Shyryn
SubClass Of
Punctuation G Punctuation Punctuation
Abstract The punctuation category contains all punctuation symbols, both Arabic and foreign. PU Punctuation ? ?
SubClass Of
RelativePronoun G RelativePronoun Relative Pronoun
Abstract Examples of relative pronouns include: ? Dual, feminine, specific, relative pronoun such as alltan ?who?. ? Plural, masculine, specific, relative pronoun such as alldhyn ?who?. ? Common, relative pronoun such as ?men? ?who?.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Residual G Residual Residual
Abstract The residual category contains foreign words, mathematical formulae and numbers.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
ResidualNumber G ResidualNumber Residual Number
Abstract RN Residual, number 3 3
SubClass Of
SecondPerson G SecondPerson Second Person
SubClass Of
SingularNumber G SingularNumber Singular Number
SubClass Of
SpecificRelativePronoun G SpecificRelativePronoun Specific Relative Pronoun
SubClass Of
SubjunctiveMood G SubjunctiveMood Subjunctive Mood
SubClass Of
Subordinate G Subordinate Subordinate
Abstract PS Subordinates ????? ma ? lw
SubClass Of
system:Feature G system_Feature Feature (system)
Namespace http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#
Sub-Classes
system:UnitOfAnnotation G system_UnitOfAnnotation Unit Of Annotation (system)
Namespace http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#
Sub-Classes
ThirdPerson G ThirdPerson Third Person
SubClass Of
Verb G Verb Verb Mood Mood Verb->Mood hasMood
Abstract Verbs are defined in ancient Arabic grammar as being perfect, imperfect or imperative. This classification is an important part of Arabic, and trying to mould Arabic verbs to fit the traditional past, present and future tenses of Indo-European languages would be very unnatural. Examples of verbs include: ? First person, singular, neuter, perfect verb ?kasartu? ?I broke?. ? First person, singular, neuter, indicative, imperfect verb ?aksiru? ?I break? ? Second person, singular, masculine, imperative verb ?aksir? ?Break! The verbal attributes that have been used in our tagset are: (i) Gender: M [masculine] F [feminine] N [neuter] (ii) Number: Sg [singular] Pl [plural] Du [dual] (iii) Person: 1 [first] 2 [second] 3 [third] (iv) Mood: I [indicative] S [subjunctive] J [jussive] The two most notable verbal attributes that are fundamental to Arabic but do not normally appear in Indo-European tagsets are the dual number, and the jussive mood.
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Word G Word Word
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes

Object Properties

hasCase G hasCase hasCase
Range
Domain
hasDefiniteness G hasDefiniteness hasDefiniteness
Range
Domain
hasGender G hasGender hasGender
Range
Domain
hasMood G hasMood hasMood
Range
Domain
hasNumber G hasNumber hasNumber
Range
Domain
hasPerson G hasPerson hasPerson
Range
Domain

Individuals

1 G 1 1 FirstPerson 1->1 hasCase
Class
2 G 2 2 SecondPerson 2->2 hasCase
Class
3 G 3 3 ThirdPerson 3->3 hasCase
Class
Du G Du Du DualNumber Du->Du hasCase
Class
N G N N Noun
Class
N......D G N______D N......D Definite N______D->N______D hasCase
Class
N......I G N______I N......I Indefinite N______I->N______I hasCase
Class
N.....A. G N_____A_ N.....A. AccusativeCase N_____A_->N_____A_ hasCase
Class
N.....G. G N_____G_ N.....G. GenitiveCase N_____G_->N_____G_ hasCase
Class
N.....N. G N_____N_ N.....N. NominativeCase N_____N_->N_____N_ hasCase
Class
N....F.. G N____F__ N....F.. FeminineGender N____F__->N____F__ hasCase
Class
N....M.. G N____M__ N....M.. MasculineGender N____M__->N____M__ hasCase
Class
N....N.. G N____N__ N....N.. NeuterGender N____N__->N____N__ hasCase
Class
NAC G NAC NAC Adjective
Class
NAC..F G NAC__F NAC..F FeminineGender NAC__F->NAC__F hasCase
Class
NAC..M G NAC__M NAC..M MasculineGender NAC__M->NAC__M hasCase
Class
NAC..N G NAC__N NAC..N NeuterGender NAC__N->NAC__N hasCase
Class
NAC.A. G NAC_A_ NAC.A. AccusativeCase NAC_A_->NAC_A_ hasCase
Class
NAC.G. G NAC_G_ NAC.G. GenitiveCase NAC_G_->NAC_G_ hasCase
Class
NAC.N. G NAC_N_ NAC.N. NominativeCase NAC_N_->NAC_N_ hasCase
Class
NC G NC NC CommonNoun
Class
NNu G NNu NNu Numeral
Class
NNu.F G NNu_F NNu.F FeminineGender NNu_F->NNu_F hasCase
Class
NNu.M G NNu_M NNu.M MasculineGender NNu_M->NNu_M hasCase
Class
NNu.N G NNu_N NNu.N NeuterGender NNu_N->NNu_N hasCase
Class
NNuCa G NNuCa NNuCa CardinalNumeral
Class
NNuNa G NNuNa NNuNa NumericalAdjective
Class
NNuOr G NNuOr NNuOr OrdinalNumeral
Class
NP G NP NP ProperNoun
Class
NPr G NPr NPr Pronoun
Class
NPr.F G NPr_F NPr.F FeminineGender NPr_F->NPr_F hasCase
Class
NPr.M G NPr_M NPr.M MasculineGender NPr_M->NPr_M hasCase
Class
NPr.N G NPr_N NPr.N NeuterGender NPr_N->NPr_N hasCase
Class
NPrD G NPrD NPrD DemonstrativePronoun
Class
NPrP G NPrP NPrP PersonalPronoun
Class
NPrR G NPrR NPrR RelativePronoun
Class
NPrRC G NPrRC NPrRC CommonRelativePronoun
Class
NPrRS G NPrRS NPrRS SpecificRelativePronoun
Class
P G P P Particle
Class
PA G PA PA Adverbial
Class
PC G PC PC Conjunction
Class
PE G PE PE Exception
Class
PI G PI PI Interjection
Class
PN G PN PN Negative
Class
PPr G PPr PPr Preposition
Class
PS G PS PS Subordinate
Class
PU G PU PU Punctuation
Class
PW G PW PW Answer
Class
PX G PX PX Explanation
Class
Pl G Pl Pl PluralNumber Pl->Pl hasCase
Class
R G R R Residual
Class
RA G RA RA Abbreviation
Class
RD G RD RD DayOfTheWeek
Class
RF G RF RF Foreign
Class
RM G RM RM Mathematical
Class
RN G RN RN ResidualNumber
Class
RO G RO RO OtherResidual
Class
Rmy G Rmy Rmy MonthOfTheYear
Class
Sg G Sg Sg SingularNumber Sg->Sg hasCase
Class
V G V V Verb
Class
V.F G V_F V.F FeminineGender V_F->V_F hasCase
Class
V.I G V_I V.I IndicativeMood V_I->V_I hasCase
Class
V.J G V_J V.J JussiveMood V_J->V_J hasCase
Class
V.M G V_M V.M MasculineGender V_M->V_M hasCase
Class
V.N G V_N V.N NeuterGender V_N->V_N hasCase
Class
V.S G V_S V.S SubjunctiveMood V_S->V_S hasCase
Class
VI G VI VI ImperfectVerb
Class
VIv G VIv VIv ImperativeVerb
Class
VP G VP VP PerfectVerb
Class