Ontology - dzongkha

Abstract
2010-09-23 created
2010-10-12 NominalNoun and QuantifierNoun updated according to Jurmey's email
2011-08-16 linking with system.owl Christian Chiarcos, chiarcos@uni-potsdam.de
Latest Version
http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#

Imports

Classes - Overview

 G system_UnitOfAnnotation Unit Of Annotation (system) Tag Tag system_UnitOfAnnotation->Tag is a AblativeCaseMarker Ablative Case Marker Adjective Adjective CharacteristicAdjective Characteristic Adjective Adjective->CharacteristicAdjective is a ComparativeAdjective Comparative Adjective Adjective->ComparativeAdjective is a PeriodicAdjective Periodic Adjective Adjective->PeriodicAdjective is a SuperlativeAdjective Superlative Adjective Adjective->SuperlativeAdjective is a Adposition Adposition Postposition Postposition Adposition->Postposition is a Adverb Adverb BehaviouralAdverb Behavioural Adverb Adverb->BehaviouralAdverb is a ComparativeAdverb Comparative Adverb Adverb->ComparativeAdverb is a SuperlativeAdverb Superlative Adverb Adverb->SuperlativeAdverb is a AffirmativeMarker Affirmative Marker AgentiveVerb Agentive Verb AspirationalVerb Aspirational Verb AuxiliaryVerb Auxiliary Verb CardinalNumber Cardinal Number CaseMarker Case Marker CaseMarker->AblativeCaseMarker is a DativeCaseMarker Dative Case Marker CaseMarker->DativeCaseMarker is a GenitiveCaseMarker Genitive Case Marker CaseMarker->GenitiveCaseMarker is a VocativeCaseMarker Vocative Case Marker CaseMarker->VocativeCaseMarker is a ClosedClassCategory Closed Class Category ClosedClassCategory->Adposition is a ClosedClassCategory->CaseMarker is a Conjunction Conjunction ClosedClassCategory->Conjunction is a Determiner Determiner ClosedClassCategory->Determiner is a Marker Marker ClosedClassCategory->Marker is a Negator Negator ClosedClassCategory->Negator is a Number Number ClosedClassCategory->Number is a Pronoun Pronoun ClosedClassCategory->Pronoun is a Punctuation Punctuation ClosedClassCategory->Punctuation is a Verb Verb ClosedClassCategory->Verb is a CombinedTag Combined Tag CommonNoun Common Noun CoordinateConjunction Coordinate Conjunction Conjunction->CoordinateConjunction is a SubordinateConjunction Subordinate Conjunction Conjunction->SubordinateConjunction is a DefiniteDeterminer Definite Determiner Determiner->DefiniteDeterminer is a IndefiniteDeterminer Indefinite Determiner Determiner->IndefiniteDeterminer is a PossessiveDeterminer Possessive Determiner Determiner->PossessiveDeterminer is a DifferentialPronoun Differential Pronoun HonorificCommonNoun Honorific Common Noun HonorificVerb Honorific Verb ImperativeVerb Imperative Verb Interjection Interjection InterrogativeMarker Interrogative Marker LocativePronoun Locative Pronoun Marker->AffirmativeMarker is a Marker->InterrogativeMarker is a TenseMarker Tense Marker Marker->TenseMarker is a ModalVerb Modal Verb NominalNumber Nominal Number NonAgentiveVerb Non Agentive Verb Noun Noun Noun->CommonNoun is a Noun->HonorificCommonNoun is a ParticularPersonNoun Particular Person Noun Noun->ParticularPersonNoun is a PluralNoun Plural Noun Noun->PluralNoun is a QuantifierNoun Quantifier Noun Noun->QuantifierNoun is a Number->CardinalNumber is a Number->NominalNumber is a OrdinalNumber Ordinal Number Number->OrdinalNumber is a OpenClassCategory Open Class Category OpenClassCategory->Adjective is a OpenClassCategory->Adverb is a OpenClassCategory->Interjection is a OpenClassCategory->Noun is a PastParticiple Past Participle PersonalPronoun Personal Pronoun Pronoun->DifferentialPronoun is a Pronoun->LocativePronoun is a Pronoun->PersonalPronoun is a ReflexivePronoun Reflexive Pronoun Pronoun->ReflexivePronoun is a Tag->ClosedClassCategory is a Tag->CombinedTag is a Tag->OpenClassCategory is a Verb->AgentiveVerb is a Verb->AspirationalVerb is a Verb->AuxiliaryVerb is a Verb->HonorificVerb is a Verb->ImperativeVerb is a Verb->ModalVerb is a Verb->NonAgentiveVerb is a Verb->PastParticiple is a

Classes

AblativeCaseMarker G AblativeCaseMarker Ablative Case Marker
Abstract Concerning case, we added two subclasses of case: CDt and CA. These differentiate between dative (CDt) and ablative (CA): The CDt (Dative case) labels e.g.???????/doen le/(for it) and ??????/doen lu/(for this). The Ablative case (CA) is used when the argument of the preposition describes a source. For example, in the phrase ?????????????/shing le kang thri/(from wood chair), ???/le/from/ will be labeled CA since the chair described is made from (the source) wood (Muaz, et al. 2009). (Chungku et al. 2010) A case, whose basic role, or one of its basic roles, is to indicate the source or origin of a person and an object. ?? ? ??? ?? ? Jamtsho L?[CAt] Nob? ocean from jewel 'A jewel from the ocean' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Adjective G Adjective Adjective
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Adposition G Adposition Adposition
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Adverb G Adverb Adverb
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
AffirmativeMarker G AffirmativeMarker Affirmative Marker
SubClass Of
AgentiveVerb G AgentiveVerb Agentive Verb
Abstract An agentive verb marks the semantic role of agent or the doer of an action. Example: ? ? ?? ? ? ???? ?? Dorji-gi jele s?nu 'Dorji killed the cat' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
AspirationalVerb G AspirationalVerb Aspirational Verb
Abstract It is a verb, which indicates a strong desire to achieve something, without the doer. ???? ? ?? ? ???? ?? dag-pai zhing-lu kewa sh? 'May i be born in pure land' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
AuxiliaryVerb G AuxiliaryVerb Auxiliary Verb
SubClass Of
BehaviouralAdverb G BehaviouralAdverb Behavioural Adverb
Abstract It is an adverb, that expresses the manner or behavior of any kind, whether good or bad, slow or fast etc. ?????? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? Sonampa-tshu Zhing-na Tsagyeng-te L?b?d? 'Farmers are putting their efforts in the field' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
CardinalNumber G CardinalNumber Cardinal Number
SubClass Of
CaseMarker G CaseMarker Case Marker
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
CharacteristicAdjective G CharacteristicAdjective Characteristic Adjective
Abstract It is an adjective, which expresses the character and feature of subject or an object, while modifying a noun. ??? ? ? ? ? ?? Shing-di rim du 'The tree is tall' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
ClosedClassCategory G ClosedClassCategory Closed Class Category
Abstract In Dzongkha it is mainly the function words that are ambiguous in terms of their POS. A typical example is le (from) belonging to the category PP (post position) and le (so) which is of the category CC (conjunction).
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
CombinedTag G CombinedTag Combined Tag
SubClass Of
CommonNoun G CommonNoun Common Noun
SubClass Of
ComparativeAdjective G ComparativeAdjective Comparative Adjective
SubClass Of
ComparativeAdverb G ComparativeAdverb Comparative Adverb
SubClass Of
Conjunction G Conjunction Conjunction
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
CoordinateConjunction G CoordinateConjunction Coordinate Conjunction
SubClass Of
DativeCaseMarker G DativeCaseMarker Dative Case Marker
Abstract Concerning case, we added two subclasses of case: CDt and CA. These differentiate between dative (CDt) and ablative (CA): The CDt (Dative case) labels e.g.???????/doen le/(for it) and ??????/doen lu/(for this). The Ablative case (CA) is used when the argument of the preposition describes a source. For example, in the phrase ?????????????/shing le kang thri/(from wood chair), ???/le/from/ will be labeled CA since the chair described is made from (the source) wood (Muaz, et al. 2009). (Chungku et al. 2010) A case, whose basic role, or one of its basic roles, is to distinguish the recipient of something given, transferred etc. ?? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? Nga-gi[AuxV] Karma-lu[CD] Kideb bjeyi[past tense] i karma to book gave 'I gave the book to Karma' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
DefiniteDeterminer G DefiniteDeterminer Definite Determiner
Abstract An article, which is used after the subject or an object, that refers to a particular thing. ? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? D?ji-d'i 'mi lezhim y? Dorji-[DA] person good be 'Dorji is a good boy' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Determiner G Determiner Determiner
Abstract Any of a class of grammatical units characterized by ones that are seen as limiting the potential referent of a noun phrase. (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
DifferentialPronoun G DifferentialPronoun Differential Pronoun
Abstract A pronoun, which classifies or differentiates(pronoun) by a single basis, like everybody; each; individual etc. ? ??? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? Drupai Miser Gara Enrung Dzongkha Sheg? 'Every Bhutanese must know Dzongkha' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
GenitiveCaseMarker G GenitiveCaseMarker Genitive Case Marker
Abstract A case, whose basic role, or one of its basic roles, is to make link with the preceding noun(a person or an object). ??? ? ? khab-ki[CG] ts? needle of tip 'A tip of needle' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
HonorificCommonNoun G HonorificCommonNoun Honorific Common Noun
Abstract Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ??????/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun ??? ??/gola/(cloths), ?????/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb ???/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. ????/jun/(created), the past particle form of ???/jung/(create). (Chungku et al. 2010) A noun, which indicates respect for the person being addressed, e.g., Miwang Gel-poi Yab ?A king's father? [Though father=Apa, but colloquially we say YAB in Dzongkha] (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
HonorificVerb G HonorificVerb Honorific Verb
Abstract Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ??????/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun ??? ??/gola/(cloths), ?????/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb ???/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. ????/jun/(created), the past particle form of ???/jung/(create).
SubClass Of
ImperativeVerb G ImperativeVerb Imperative Verb
Abstract Imperative verb is a mood, that expresses a command to someone or somebody. Example: ? ? ?? ?? yigu drish 'write a letter' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
IndefiniteDeterminer G IndefiniteDeterminer Indefinite Determiner
Abstract An article, which is used after the subject or an object, that doesn't refer to a particular thing, but simply refer to an individual or individuals of the noun in a broad sense. ??? ? ? ?? ????? ?? 'Mi lalu ce[IA]-gi 'labm? people some-[IA](AuxV) say be 'Some people say...' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Interjection G Interjection Interjection
SubClass Of
InterrogativeMarker G InterrogativeMarker Interrogative Marker
Abstract Example: ?? ?? ? ? ? ? ? Ch? gat'? joni mo you where going-[IrD] 'Where are you going?' ?? ?????? ???? Ch? l? b?yi 'in? you work do be-[IdI] 'Are you working?' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
LocativePronoun G LocativePronoun Locative Pronoun
Abstract A Locative pronoun is a pronoun, which locates the object of a noun or place of anything. ? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? N?[LP] Ph?ntsho'ling-lu Sh? 'Come here at Phuntsholing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Marker G Marker Marker
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
ModalVerb G ModalVerb Modal Verb
SubClass Of
Negator G Negator Negator
SubClass Of
NominalNumber G NominalNumber Nominal Number
Abstract Nominal numbers are used to identify or refer the things. It does not show the quantity or rank. Example: ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? NGIGI DRUELTHRIN ANGDRANG 'DI 17649037 INN my mobile number is 17649037 be ? My mobile number is 17649037.? (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010)
SubClass Of
NonAgentiveVerb G NonAgentiveVerb Non Agentive Verb
Abstract A non-agentive verb is a type of verb, which indicates an action without the doer. Example: ???? ? ?? ?? 'lungma phur-d? 'A wind is blowing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Noun G Noun Noun
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Number G Number Number
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
OpenClassCategory G OpenClassCategory Open Class Category
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
OrdinalNumber G OrdinalNumber Ordinal Number
SubClass Of
ParticularPersonNoun G ParticularPersonNoun Particular Person Noun
Abstract A name, which particularly focusses to a particular thing, e.g., ?Jigme Singye Wangchuk? (the Fourth King of Bhutan) (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
PastParticiple G PastParticiple Past Participle
Abstract The past participle expresses an event which precedes the event, denoted by the main verb. ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ??????? ?? ? Nga 'Wangd?-lu Song-di Kany? Thopce i wangd'i-to-[prep] go-[pp] problem get-[pt] 'Having gone to 'Wangdi, I ran into a problem' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
PeriodicAdjective G PeriodicAdjective Periodic Adjective
Abstract It is an adjective, which expresses the time or period of the circumstances, while modifying a noun. ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? Nahing Nga chigyel-lu joyi 'I went abroad last year' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
PersonalPronoun G PersonalPronoun Personal Pronoun
SubClass Of
PluralNoun G PluralNoun Plural Noun
SubClass Of
PossessiveDeterminer G PossessiveDeterminer Possessive Determiner
Abstract An article, that modifies a noun by attributing possession to some one or something. ? ? ? ?? Ng?-gi kid'eb my[PsA] book 'My book' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Postposition G Postposition Postposition
Abstract As an example for such dissimilarity [between the Penn Treebank tagset and the Dzongkha tagset -- CC], Dzongkha postpositions are mentioned here, cf. (1); the respective tag (PP) only exist for Dzongkha whereas in English the whole set of ad position tags (preposition and postpositions) exist. (1) j'ili shing-gi w?lu -d? Cat tree[posp] under[PP] be ''A cat is under the tree'' (Chungku et al. 2010) An element related to a noun phrase in the same way as a preposition, except that it comes after instead of before. Dzongkha is a postpositional language. ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? j'ili shing-gi w?lu-d? cat tree-[posp] under-[PP] be 'A cat is under the tree' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Pronoun G Pronoun Pronoun
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
Punctuation G Punctuation Punctuation
SubClass Of
QuantifierNoun G QuantifierNoun Quantifier Noun
Abstract A noun which quantifies one or more things, regardless of subject and an object. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? NGAGI BUM 'NGA 'DA CHECI I girl five with met ?I met with five girls.? (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010)
SubClass Of
ReflexivePronoun G ReflexivePronoun Reflexive Pronoun
Abstract A Reflexive pronoun is something one is doing to or for oneself and it applies to the above subjective pronoun, common pronoun etc. ??????? ? ????? Ch?-rarang Mish?-p? 'Yourself don't know' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
SubordinateConjunction G SubordinateConjunction Subordinate Conjunction
SubClass Of
SuperlativeAdjective G SuperlativeAdjective Superlative Adjective
SubClass Of
SuperlativeAdverb G SuperlativeAdverb Superlative Adverb
SubClass Of
system:UnitOfAnnotation G system_UnitOfAnnotation Unit Of Annotation (system)
Namespace http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#
Sub-Classes
Tag G Tag Tag
Abstract Examining the similar features exhibited by both the languages (Dzongkha and English), tags that were applicable to Dzongkha were taken directly from the Penn Treebank. In cases where these languages showed dissimilarities in their nature, new tags for Dzongkha were assigned
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
TenseMarker G TenseMarker Tense Marker
Abstract Dzongkha has also a tense marker, which is not complicated like in other languages. It has got only six tense markers and can be used in a very simple and effective way. They are: ('Ni'+'Wong') for future, ('D'o'+'D'?') for present and ('Ci'+'Yi') for past tense. ?? ?????? ? ? ? Nga naba jo-ni[past tense] I tomorrow go-will-[past] 'I am going tomorrow' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of
Verb G Verb Verb
SubClass Of
Sub-Classes
VocativeCaseMarker G VocativeCaseMarker Vocative Case Marker
Abstract A case, whose basic role, or one of its basic roles, is to address or invoke a person or thing. ?? ! ? ?? 'W? N?sh? heyi-[CV], here come 'Hey, come here!' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
SubClass Of

Individuals

AM G AM AM AffirmativeMarker
Abstract Marker, Affirmative
Class
AMSC G AMSC AMSC AffirmativeMarker CombinedTag SubordinateConjunction
Abstract Affirmative + Subordinate Conjunction
Class
CA G CA CA AblativeCaseMarker
Abstract Case marker, Ablative case
Class
CC G CC CC CoordinateConjunction
Abstract Conjunction, Coordinate
Class
CD G CD CD CardinalNumber
Abstract Number, Cardinal
Class
CDt G CDt CDt DativeCaseMarker
Abstract Concerning case, we added two subclasses of case: CDt and CA. These differentiate between dative (CDt) and ablative (CA): The CDt (Dative case) labels e.g.???????/doen le/(for it) and ??????/doen lu/(for this). The Ablative case (CA) is used when the argument of the preposition describes a source. For example, in the phrase ?????????????/shing le kang thri/(from wood chair), ???/le/from/ will be labeled CA since the chair described is made from (the source) wood (Muaz, et al. 2009).
Class
CG G CG CG GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract Case marker, Genitive case
Class
CV G CV CV VocativeCaseMarker
Abstract Case marker, Vocative case
Class
DT G DT DT DefiniteDeterminer
Abstract Determiner, Definite
Class
DTCG G DTCG DTCG CombinedTag DefiniteDeterminer GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract DefiniteDeterminer + Genitive case
Class
DTDOLLAR G DTDOLLAR DTDOLLAR PossessiveDeterminer
Abstract Determiner, Possessive
Class
DTI G DTI DTI IndefiniteDeterminer
Abstract Determiner, Indefinite
Class
IrM G IrM IrM InterrogativeMarker
Abstract Marker, Interrogative
Class
JJ G JJ JJ Adjective
Abstract Adjective, Adjective
Class
JJCG G JJCG JJCG Adjective CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract Adjective+CG
Class
JJCt G JJCt JJCt CharacteristicAdjective
Abstract Adjective, Characteristic
Class
JJCtCG G JJCtCG JJCtCG CharacteristicAdjective CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract Adjective, Characteristic + Genitive case
Class
JJP G JJP JJP PeriodicAdjective
Abstract Adjective, Periodic
Class
JJPCG G JJPCG JJPCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker PeriodicAdjective
Abstract Adjective, Periodic + Genitive case
Class
JJR G JJR JJR ComparativeAdjective
Abstract Adjective, Comparative
Class
JJS G JJS JJS SuperlativeAdjective
Abstract Adjective, Superlative
Class
ND G ND ND NominalNumber
Abstract Number, Nominal
Class
NEG G NEG NEG Negator
Abstract Negator
Class
NEGCG G NEGCG NEGCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker Negator
Abstract Negator + Genitive case
Class
NEGSC G NEGSC NEGSC CombinedTag Negator SubordinateConjunction
Abstract Negator + Subordinate Conjunction
Class
NN G NN NN CommonNoun
Abstract Noun, Common Noun
Class
NNCG G NNCG NNCG CombinedTag CommonNoun GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract Noun, Common + Genitive case
Class
NNH G NNH NNH HonorificCommonNoun
Abstract Noun, honorific form
Class
NNP G NNP NNP ParticularPersonNoun
Abstract Noun, Particular/Person
Class
NNPCG G NNPCG NNPCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker ParticularPersonNoun
Abstract Noun, Particular + Genitive case
Class
NNQ G NNQ NNQ QuantifierNoun
Abstract Noun, Quantifier
Class
NNQCG G NNQCG NNQCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker QuantifierNoun
Abstract Noun, Quantifier + Genitive case
Class
NNS G NNS NNS PluralNoun
Abstract Noun, Plural
Class
NNSC G NNSC NNSC CombinedTag CommonNoun SubordinateConjunction
Abstract Common Noun + Subordinate Conjunction
Class
NNSCG G NNSCG NNSCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker PluralNoun
Abstract Noun, Plural + Genitive case
Class
OD G OD OD OrdinalNumber
Abstract Number, Ordinal
Class
PP G PP PP Postposition
Abstract As an example for such dissimilarity [between the Penn Treebank tagset and the Dzongkha tagset -- CC], Dzongkha postpositions are mentioned here, cf. (1); the respective tag (PP) only exist for Dzongkha whereas in English the whole set of ad position tags (preposition and postpositions) exist. (1) j'ili shing-gi w?lu -d? Cat tree[posp] under[PP] be ''A cat is under the tree''
Class
PRD G PRD PRD DifferentialPronoun
Abstract Pronouns, Differential
Class
PRL G PRL PRL LocativePronoun
Abstract Pronouns, Locative
Class
PRLCG G PRLCG PRLCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker LocativePronoun
Abstract Locative Pronoun + Genitive case
Class
PRP G PRP PRP PersonalPronoun
Abstract Pronouns, Personal
Class
PRRF G PRRF PRRF ReflexivePronoun
Abstract Pronouns, Reflexive
Class
PUN G PUN PUN Punctuation
Abstract Punctuation
Class
RB G RB RB Adverb
Abstract Adverb, Adverb
Class
RBB G RBB RBB BehaviouralAdverb
Abstract Adverb, Behavioural
Class
RBR G RBR RBR ComparativeAdverb
Abstract Adverb, Comparative
Class
RBS G RBS RBS SuperlativeAdverb
Abstract Adverb, Superlative
Class
SC G SC SC SubordinateConjunction
Abstract Conjunction, Subordinate
Class
TM G TM TM TenseMarker
Abstract Marker, Tense
Class
UH G UH UH Interjection
Abstract Interjection
Class
VB G VB VB Verb
Abstract Verb, Verb
Class
VBAUX G VBAUX VBAUX AuxiliaryVerb
Abstract Verb, Auxiliary
Class
VBAs G VBAs VBAs AspirationalVerb
Abstract Verb, Aspirational
Class
VBAt G VBAt VBAt AgentiveVerb
Abstract Verb, Agentive
Class
VBAtCG G VBAtCG VBAtCG AgentiveVerb CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker
Abstract Veb, Agentive + Genitive case
Class
VBAtSC G VBAtSC VBAtSC AgentiveVerb CombinedTag SubordinateConjunction
Abstract Verb, Agentive + Subordinate Conjunction
Class
VBCG G VBCG VBCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker Verb
Abstract Verb, Verb + Genitive case
Class
VBH G VBH VBH HonorificVerb
Abstract Verb, Honorific Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ??????/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun ??? ??/gola/(cloths), ?????/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb ???/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. ????/jun/(created), the past particle form of ???/jung/(create).
Class
VBHCG G VBHCG VBHCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker HonorificVerb
Abstract Verb, Honorific + Genitive case
Class
VBI G VBI VBI ImperativeVerb
Abstract Verb, Imperative
Class
VBMD G VBMD VBMD ModalVerb
Abstract Verb, Modal
Class
VBMDCG G VBMDCG VBMDCG CombinedTag GenitiveCaseMarker ModalVerb
Abstract Verb, Modal + Genitive case
Class
VBMDSC G VBMDSC VBMDSC CombinedTag ModalVerb SubordinateConjunction
Abstract form of the tag in the document is given as VBMDC, in analogy with other fused forms, however, VBMDSC should be appropriate
Class
VBN G VBN VBN PastParticiple
Abstract Verb, Past Participle
Class
VBNa G VBNa VBNa NonAgentiveVerb
Abstract Verb, Non-Agentive
Class
VBSC G VBSC VBSC CombinedTag SubordinateConjunction Verb
Abstract Verb, Verb + Subordinate Conjunction
Class